Permitting & Civil Authorities Clauses

In the USA, the Clean Air Act (CAA) establishes a number of permitting programmes designed to enforce the goals of the act. Some of these programmes are directly implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency through its regional offices, but most are carried out by individual states and local agencies. The CAA requires facilities that are major sources of air pollutants (i.e. oil, gas and petrochemical facilities) to have an air permit in order to be built as well as to operate. As we were to learn, the process of gaining a permit for both new and pre-existing facilities can be extremely time-consuming.